247 Secrets Survival Sexual Seduction PeopleNology Philosophy Psychology Human Resource Miracle cure Gregory Bodenhamer

247
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If you can learn these few things, really learn them, study and apply what Gregory Bodenhamer teaches, you’re going to change your success rate, inspire other people, forget about the price of gasoline and start helping other people. PeopleNology is being taught around the world, one human being at a time. Nollijy University Research Institute sponsors the white paper research and people, around the world are taking notice.
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There are many areas of preferences that people have that shape cultures. There are, within these, a few which are of particular influence around change.

There are many reasons learn and use PeopleNology
By Gregory Bodenhamer Ph.D Nollijy University Research
GregoryBodenhamer@Live.com
Motivation: The overall subject of what drives us.
Processing: The thinking that leads to action.
Behaviors: That result from our decisions.
Culture: How we socially act together.
Learning Theory: How we get to make sense.
Personality: What makes us who we are.
Power: Our capability to act. Where we get it and how we use it.
Social Research: philosophers, philosophies and the search for meaning.
Stress: What winds us up.
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1 Fear of retribution
Following out of fear is not so much following as being tugged along at the end of a rope.
2 Blind hope
Here, the follower is desperate for some solution, and what the leader is offering is either the only option they see or the best of a relatively weak set of choices.

3 Faith in leader
In this situation, the follower is blind to the solution but is following because they have such faith in the leader, they believe that they will, by some magic or genius, provide the answer to the follower's needs.
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4 Intellectual agreement
Here, the follower understands the logic of the argument that the leader is putting forward and hence is following the rationale rather than the leader as a person, who they may respect but are not blindly following.
5 Buying the vision
When people buy a vision, they are emotionally closing on a view of the future that is appealing to them in some way and pulls them forward.
6 Followers and Respect
When a person is evaluating a situation and deciding whether to collaborate (and hence become a follower), they judge both the leader
and also the solution the leader is offering to determine what action they will take.
7 Respect for the leader
When the leader is respected, which means they are at the very least trusted and probably liked as well, then this enables the leader to make proposals that followers will take seriously.
8 Respect for the solution
When the solution is respected, then the respect for the leader is not as important, although if the leader is not respected then the followers may doubt the ability of the leader to make the right choices along the way.
9 Followers and Trust
People follow those they trust.


10 Care and concern
We all have a very basic need for safety, which we can get either by taking control ourselves, or, as followers do, ceding this to our leaders.
11 Passive concern
Leaders make choices that can harm people. If you carefully avoid harming me, then I can trust you.
12 Active care
Beyond a passive concern is the active care where you may take deliberate action, which you would not otherwise take, to look after and actively care for me.
13 Reliability
Leaders need for their followers to trust that they will do as they say they will do.
14 Keep your promises
A simple rule for leaders is : 'Do what you say'. Keep your promises.
15 Honesty
The problem with honesty is that the short-term implications can be bad for leaders.
16 Tell the whole truth
If you always tell the truth, including the unvarnished whole truth and bad news that others might hide, then I know that when you say something, I have the complete story.
17 Followers and Liking
If I do not like you, then I will not follow you.
18 Goodness
If I judge you to be good, then I know you have similar values to me.
19 Similarity
We use external similarity as a short-cut to determine if a person is like us on the inside.
20 Vulnerability
We see ourselves as vulnerable, often with the sense of being a child that we all have to some degree. We see our failings, our limitations, and weaknesses.
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21 Followers and Support
People follow those that help them.

22 Goals
Where the personal goals of the followers are aligned with the direction that the leaders is pointing, then it seems like a good idea to follow the leader, especially if it looks like they will be able to help me get what I want.
23 Support
I will also follow a person who actively helps me to get what I want.
24 Followers and Ideas
People will follow an idea, but not constraining objectives, then I may do it, but not in a way that makes me want to follow you.
25 Objectives as instructions
Objectives are useful in most organizations, of course, but they are often presented as fixed instructions, telling people what to do and how to do it in so much detail that it leaves little to the imagination.
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26 Objectives as ideas
Objectives can be used to motivate and leaders can make effective use of formal systems of objective-setting to provide effective challenge and stimulation that will motivate people not only to do the work but also to follow the leader.
27 Ideas as inspiration
Inspiration occurs when an idea both aligns with my values and also gives me a sense of possibility, of what is not now but which could be in the future. It might thus change my beliefs and mental models.

28 Context Analysis
When investigating change it is important to understand the context within which the current situation is operating.
29 External context
The external context that affects the organization provides the forces to which the business must react and are common root causes of the need for change.
30 PESTLE forces
The broader business climate includes the external sea in which the business and its competitors must swim and provides the ultimate playing ground.
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31 Market forces
Within the chosen markets, forces as price pressures, competitive shifts, customer demands and so on may be creating business tensions.
32 Internal context
As well as the external context, there are many contextual factors within organizations that can lead to the need for change.
33 Driving objectives
Out of the external forces and internal ambitions, business leaders identify the key purposes and objectives that they want to achieve and hence achieve success in the organization.
34 Organizational alignment
An aligned organization has its processes, technology, reporting structures and individual objectives all aligned with one another.
35 Organizational capability
As well as alignment, an organization needs its people to be able to complete work given to them.
36 Leadership
Leadership is a subject which includes a great deal about changing people's minds, often in fundamental ways.
37 Follower ship
The nature of leadership can perhaps be best understood by turning the coin over and studying follower ship.
38 The Leader-Follower loop
Leaders who want to create true followers do not just stand at the front of the army, yell 'charge' and then run forward.
39 Followers respond
Followers are seldom blind. They are human.
40 Gossip
If the leader does something that concerns them, then they will voice these concerns to one another long before letting the leader know.
41 Pack response

There may well be some level of pack response from followers.
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42 Leaders adjust
If leaders do not do anything about the situation, then followers, who are volunteers, remember, will abandon in droves.
43 Noticing
At some point in the proceedings, the leader notices that followers are not as inclined to follow as they once were.
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44 Diagnosing
When the shift in follower behavior is noticed, the next step is to figure out why, and particularly to know whether and how to connect this to the leader's own words or actions, or at least to external events that have shifted the playing field.
45 Adjusting
When you know where it is going and why it happened, then you can do something about it.


46 The dance continues
And so the band plays on. It is a closed system, with followers responding to leaders, who themselves adjust in response to this. Leadership and follower ship is thus an ongoing dance.
47 Structural Analysis
There are many structures within an organization which influence people's behavior. 'Function follows form' is a relevant saying.
48 Organizational structure
The hierarchical organization with its 'scalar chain of command' is at the heart of most organizations.
49 Process structure
People work within processes, which may stretch across functions or be contained within them.
50 Motivational structure
There are deliberate structures in the organization that seek to motivate people. Typically, this is based on financial reward.
51 Social structure
Overlaid across the organization is another invisible structure which is made up of the many and complex social relationships across the company.
52 Physical structure
The physical structure of the organization can have a very significant effect on the social structuring.
53 Causal Analysis
An excellent question when analyzing around change is 'why?' Causal Analysis seeks to identify and understand the reasons why things are as they are and hence enabling focus of change activity.
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54 Root causes
The basic principle of causal analysis is to find causes that you can treat rather than treating symptoms (which, as all doctors know, seldom effects a lasting cure).
55 Ask why five times
The trick with seeking root causes is to keep looking. When you ask 'why' of something, you will get a nearby direct cause. If you keep
asking 'why' of each answer, you will eventually get to a cause that you can act on.
56 Cause-effect diagram
The Cause-effect Diagram is a simple hierarchical tool that is used to break down cause into a tree-structure, allowing you to follow individual streams of possible cause.
57 Circular causes
Many causes are not linear but instead act in circles, much as births lead to population increase which leads to even more births.
58 Systemic cause
In systemic problems, the cause is found in the whole system, with the problem distributed across multiple related causes, all of which conspire together to cause the identified effect.
59 Vicious spirals and virtuous circles
Circular cause leads to exponential increases or decreases that are very difficult to interrupt.


60 Creating a positive culture
A positive culture is the holy grail of many change activities.
61 Develop a sense of history
History is important to people, giving them a sense of identity and belonging. Just look at how genealogy becomes more important to people as the grow older.
62 Create a sense of one-ness
Leaders who bring people together talk about 'us' more than 'I'. They propagate the stories of history and present stories that create a sense of togetherness.
63 Promote a sense of membership
Belonging also comes from the benefits that people gain, so work on the reward and recognition system.
64 Increase contact and exchange
Help people stay in touch with one another. This is particularly important in a global or otherwise distributed organization.
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65 Social distance
We like to keep our distance from others and there are very specific social rules about how close we can go to others in particular situations.
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66 Why the distance
Regulating the distances between us and other people provides us with several benefits.
67 Social distances
The social distances here are approximate, of course and will vary with people.
68 Public Zone 12 feet
The public zone is generally over 12 feet. That is, when we are walking around town, we will try to keep at least 12 feet between us and other people.
69 Social Zone 4 - 12 feet
Within the social zone, we start to feel a connection with other people.
70 Personal Zone 2-4 feet
In the personal zone, the conversation gets more direct, and this is a good distance for two people who are talking in earnest about something.
71 Intimate Zone < 2 feet
When a person is within arms reach or closer, then we can touch them in intimate ways.
72 Varying rules
The rules about social distance vary with different groups of people.
73 Town and country
People who live in towns spend more time close to one another and so their social distances may compact somewhat.
74 Different countries
Different countries also have different rules about social distances.


75 Preferences
What makes us different?
76 Preference scales
There are many scales of preference. Note that there are two styles that are commonly used.
77 Feedback and reward
A major driver of people in companies and hence their culture is the general feedback and specific rewards that tell them they are doing a good or bad job.
78 Risk
Uncertainty and risk are something that some people hate and some people thrive on.
79 Solidarity
Solidarity is the degree to which people think together in the same ways, sharing tasks and mutual interests.
80 Sociability
Sociability comes from mutual esteem and concern for ones colleagues.
81 What is culture?
Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another. Culture in this sense is a system of collectively held values. Culture is the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic ‘taken for granted’ fashion an organization's view of its self and its environment.
A simple way of defining culture is: Culture is a system for differentiating between in-group and out-group people.
82 Culture as shared meaning
Culture is very much about groups, and a basic need of groups is to be able to communicate, both at a superficial level (for which ordinary language largely suffices) and also at a deeper level of meaning.
83 Culture as behavioral rules
When a group of people are to exist together, they need a set of rules that helps everyone know what to do in various circumstances, from arguing with one another to dealing with outsiders.
84 Change Complexity Analysis
Change Complexity Analysis seeks to identify how difficult a change project will be. The more complex the project, the more carefully the project will need to be managed.
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85 Elements of Culture
What are the visible attributes of culture? What are the elements that you can point to and say 'that is there to show and sustain this culture?
86 Artifacts
Artifacts are the physical things that are found that have particular symbolism for a culture. They may even be endowed with mystical properties.
87 Stories, histories, myths, legends, jokes
Culture is often embedded and transmitted through stories, whether they are deep and obviously intended as learning devices, or whether they appear more subtly, for example in humor and jokes.


88 Rituals, rites, ceremonies, celebrations
Rituals are processes or sets of actions which are repeated in specific circumstances and with specific meaning.
89 Heroes
Heroes in a culture are named people who act as prototypes, or idealized examples, by which cultural members learn of the correct or 'perfect' behavior.
90 Symbols and symbolic action
Symbols, like artifacts, are things which act as triggers to remind people in the culture of its rules, beliefs, etc.
91 Beliefs, assumptions and mental models
An organization and culture will often share beliefs and ways of understanding the world.
92 Attitudes
Attitudes are the external displays of underlying beliefs that people use to signal to other people of their membership.
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PeopleNology

Gregory Bodenhamer Ph.D
Powerful Human Development
Social System Process Engineering & Design

Mechanicsburg Pa 17055
GregoryBodenhamer@Live.com
NollijyUniversityPeopleNology@Gmail.com
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93 Rules, norms, ethical codes, values
The norms and values of a culture are effectively the rules by which its members must abide, or risk rejection from the culture (which is one of the most feared sanctions known).
94 People complexity
The major additional complexity that change projects add over other projects is the potential problems around people.
95 Scope of impact
When some things are changed, they have a significant ripple on other things. Thus, for example, changing a company policy or an organizational goal will have a very broad impact on whoever is involved.
96 Amount of work
The 'what' of change equates to the amount of work that needs to be done. This does not necessarily equate to how many people are affected.
97 Complexity of work
Some work is easy to do, whilst other work requires significant expertise, such as when new products or complex IT systems need to be developed.


98 Who is changed
The most difficult work of change is often around people.
99 Numbers of people
When you have to change a lot of people then, even if the change is small, the job will not be that easy. When you have a lot of people to change, then you may find that someone, somewhere will be more trouble than the rest of people put together.
100 Degree of resistance
If you are going to implement a change that will highly unpopular into an organization where authority is devolved to a low level (for example where most people are 'professionals'), then you must expect a significant level of resistance.



101 Sponsorship of change
In change projects, the normal hierarchy of management control is often broken as the project stretches across many parts of the organization.
102 Initiating sponsor
This is the person who starts the change project and may well be the person with whom you meet at the first meeting.
103 Key sponsor
This is one person (often the most senior manager) who can resolve the stickiest of problems, such as differences between other primary sponsors, and who provides the ultimate authority for the project.
104 Primary sponsors
This is a small group of managers whose support is critical and who have sufficient clout to unblock most problems, including problems with secondary sponsors.
105 Secondary sponsors
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These are managers whose support is needed, albeit at a limited level. They are important at least as they have the ability to block change.
106 The role of sponsors
The sponsors of the project can play a number of roles in the change project.

107 Sponsorship trap
Mismanaging sponsorship is perhaps one of the main reasons why change projects fail. A common sponsorship trap occurs where sponsors see their role as an early agreement, but with no further engagement.
108 Power Words
There are words that are hardly noticed. There are words that stand out.
109 God words
Sometimes words arise in a society or even across societies which, like a God, demand absolute obedience.
110 'In' words
Within companies and specific social groups, God words if I say 'this is profitable' to an executive, he or she will be hard put to turn me down.
111 God talks jargon
Jargon words can very often be God words, as they have special meaning to closed groups.
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112 Devil words
Just as God terms give you power, there are also words which will sap your power. Using these in a positive sense is taking your life in your hands.


113 Devil word repulse
Devil words are so repulsive and so scary, people will quickly turn away from them.
114 Non-PC words
Non-politically-correct words were once quite acceptable, but as society's values changed and people realized that they were using something unacceptable, it made them run even harder away from them.
115 Insults
Beyond non-PC words, variations can easily become pejorative and intended to insult, denigrate and belittle.
116 Charisma words
Between God and Devil words are words that invoke particular effects on other people and can make you appear to have a mystical persuasive charisma.
117 Context counts
The power effect of the words you use depend on the context within which you use them. 'Profit' is very likely to be a God word in most companies, yet in the public services it may well be a Devil word.
118 Don't over-do it!
If you are going to use power words effectively, then they should have a subtle effect.
119 Persuasive language
All use of language can act to persuade, and there are many other pages in the language section of this site that include persuasive elements.




120 Culture
Culture is what happens when people get together. It tells us how to behave and agree. Understanding the culture of a team, organization or country can make a lot of difference when you want to change minds.
121 Retention techniques
When a person is converted to a particular set of beliefs, then it has been found that, particularly if coercive or authoritarian methods were used, then most people will, if there is no effort to sustain the change, will drift back to their original beliefs.

122 Diagnosing change

When you are faced with a situation where change seems to required, one of the early activities is to investigate more fully, to understand context, causes and so on, so you can plan to implement changes that will actually improve things.
123 Historical Review
Much of the reasons why change is required is rooted in the history of the organization. History can also give you lots of very useful information about how your plans may go astray. For these and more reasons, it can be a good idea to look backwards before you look forwards.
124 Look at the external climate
When times are ripe and the pickings are easy, then companies do not have to be very innovative to thrive.
125 See the innovation and change
Companies often start with innovation, but this does not always continue. Look at the great new products that appeared and how they wowed the market. Look for incremental innovation that shows a sustained push to stay ahead of the curve.


126 Watch for the curse of success
When you have a successful product range, it can last for such a long time that you forget how to innovate.
127 Look at the records
Companies may have many records that tell you a story, filling the details and confirming or disconfirming your suspicions.
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128 Look at the finances
The finances of the company will tell you about the fundamental ups and downs. They will show you the profitable and less profitable times and where change became an imperative rather than a possibility.
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129 Look at the words
Written records such as company reports, meeting minutes and so on will also tell a story. Especially those around times of change, you will see what the real priorities of the organization are.
130 Listen to the people
The people of the organization are perhaps the best resource for finding out about the company history.
131 Listen to the old timers
Find the people who have been around since the year dot. Most organizations have people who have survived the ups and downs and who are, to a large extent, the living historians of the company.
132 Hear the range of stories
Get to people in all positions, high and low. Listen to the stories of power and politics.
133 Hear the critical events
Listen for the critical events of change within the organization and what happened next.
134 Look at the history of change
In looking through the areas above, most of all look at how people and the organization as a whole managed change.
135 Watch for change readiness
A change-ready organization is alert and ready. Change does not faze it. People do not fear different things, but look forward with interest and excitement to the challenge of the new.


136 Watch for change capability
It is one thing to be ready for change -- it is another to be good at it. Look at the history of change success and change failure, and try to determine the critical factors that made the difference.
137 Driving objectives
Out of the external forces and internal ambitions, business leaders identify the key purposes and objectives that they want to achieve and hence achieve success in the organization.
138 Organizational alignment
An aligned organization has its processes, technology, reporting structures and individual objectives all aligned with one another.


139 Organizational capability
As well as alignment, an organization needs its people to be able to complete work given to them. This is often assumed to be largely about motivation and skill but, although these may be factors, they are often not as significant as initially assumed.
140 Culture and change
Culture is a perennial problem in change projects and needs to be carefully understood, especially if there is any expectation or desire to change the culture as a part of the project. Culture includes common values, attitudes and consequent behaviors. It directs how people make decisions and how they react to change. It can also vary within an organization, for example a 'leading edge' attitude may be found in research departments and 'customer first' value in service areas.
There are many areas of preferences that people have that shape cultures. There are, within these, a few which are of particular influence around change.
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141 The focus on task or people
Understanding the balance of focus on task vs. person will help you understand the way the leaders of the organization are likely to make decisions.
142 Task first
When there is a focus on task before people, then change may well be harsh and thoughtless. People will be hired and fired without a second thought.
143 People first
When the leaders have a people-first focus, then they may hold back from difficult decisions that will hurt others.
144 The focus on risk or safety
Depending on the risk bias, people will seek or avoid risk. Change often appears to be very risky.
145 Risk-seeking
A company where there is a focus on innovation and taking risks will find change more acceptable and easier to adopt. This is both a good thing and a bad thing.
146 Risk-averse
A company that is risk-averse will likely try to put off change for as long as possible, at least as long as it takes for not changing to be
become riskier than moving, and possibly longer.
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Powerful Human Development
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147 The focus on self or others
When people focus may vary between self and others, particularly in the stress of change, then their approach may vary significantly.
148 Self-centered
When people who put themselves first are faced with change, then they will happily sacrifice others in order to save themselves.


149 Other-centered
When people put the well-being of others before themselves, they will sacrifice themselves before others.
150 Helping them change
In helping the company find balance, then your influence will depend on their start point. If they are task first, then show them how ignoring people will lead to tasks done badly or not at all.
151 Emotions
Emotions are our feelings. Literally. We feel them in our bodies as tingles, hot spots and muscular tension. There are cognitive aspects, but the physical sensation is what makes them really different. Emotions affect and are a part of our mood, which is usually a more sustained emotional state. Mood affects our judgment and changes how we process decisions.
152 Motivation
First of all, motivation are 'e-motions'. They act to motivate us. Without emotions we would probably not do very much and hence would not survive - at least in the evolved form we are in now.
153 Internal signals
Internally, for example when we are trying to make understand something or make a decision, we use our emotions to deduce whether what we have concluded is a good idea.
154 Social signals
We generally wear our hearts on our sleeves as our inner emotions are displayed on our outer bodies. Our faces, in particular, have around 90 muscles, 30 of which have the sole purpose of signaling emotion to other people.
155 Emotional Intelligence
'Emotional Intelligence' is a neat metaphor that borrows from the notion of IQ. It implies that some people are better at handling emotions than others. It also hints that you might be able to increase your EQ.
156 Self-awareness
Being emotionally self-aware means knowing how you feel in “real time.” Self-knowledge is the first step in being able to handle emotions.
157 Emotional literacy
Emotional literacy means being able to label emotions precisely. This includes the emotions of others and especially yourself.
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158 Empathy & compassion
Empathy is the ability to feel and understand the emotions of others. If you can empathies, you can engender trust, as people desperately want to be understood at the emotional level.
159 Balance
The ability to balance emotion and reason in making decisions leads to good decisions. Emotion should not be abandoned, lest cold and callous decisions are made.
160 Responsibility
Emotional Intelligence means taking primary responsibility for your own emotions and happiness. You cannot say that others “made” you feel the way you feel.


161 Association and emotion
An interesting phenomenon is that when we put ourselves mentally into a person or situation, we experience the emotions of that person more strongly.
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162 Putting yourself in the picture
Personal history
Take an emotional experience from your past, and think back to that time. Put yourself in the picture, so you are re-living the experience (not standing back or looking down on yourself). See the situation 'through your own eyes'.
163 Empathizing
We can do the same with other people - when we empathize with them, we are putting ourselves into their body and their experiences.
164 Standing back
The reverse of association is dissociation. Take that same emotional experience and now move to a position above the scene, so you can see yourself in it. You will now most likely experience the emotion far less.
165 Feeling what other feel
Empathy is the ability to not only detect what others feel but also to experience that emotion yourself.
166 It's not sympathy
Empathy and sympathy are very close and are sometimes used as synonyms. The easiest way to separate them is to remember that empathy is about feelings whilst sympathy is about actions.
167 It's definitely not psychopathic
A defining element of a psychopath is that they do not and probably cannot empathize with other people. They are often good at imitating this, but in doing so they are using it in a cold and manipulative way.
168 It has many benefits
The value of empathy comes not from understanding the other person's feelings, but what you do as a result of this.
169 Empathy builds trust
Empathy displayed can be surprising and confusing. When not expected, it can initially cause suspicion, but when sustained it is difficult not to appreciate the concern. Empathy thus quickly leads to trust.
170 Empathy closes the loop
Consider what would happens if you had no idea what the other person felt about your communications to them.
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171 Emotion and decision
We make many decisions, and sometimes we are more or less logical about them. And it is arguable that all decision are, ultimately emotional.
172 Logical vs. emotional decision-making
Decision-making is a cognitive process where the outcome is a choice between alternatives. We often have different preferences as to our preferred, approach, varying between thinking and feeling.
173 Logical decision-making
When we use logic to make decisions, we seek to exclude emotions, using only rational methods, and perhaps even mathematical tools.
174 Emotional decision-making
There is a whole range of decision-making that uses emotion, depending on the degree of logic that is included in the process.
175 Emotion and rationality
Emotion and rational thinking are, to a certain extent, mutually exclusive.
176 Primary emotions
What is felt first
Primary emotions are those that we feel first, as a first response to a situation. Thus, if we are threatened, we may feel fear. When we hear of a death, we may feel sadness. They are unthinking, instinctive responses that we have. We will typically see these in animals also, which confirms our suspicion that they have an evolutionary basis.
Typical primary emotions include fear, anger, sadness and happiness (although it is worth noting that these can also be felt as secondary emotions).



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177 Secondary emotions
What is felt next
Secondary emotions appear after primary emotions. They may be caused directly by them, for example where the fear of a threat turns to anger that fuels the body for a fight reaction. They may also come from more complex chains of thinking.
178 Greed
179 Something not needed
Greed is when I want something that I do not really need. I want it just to possess it.
180 Something for nothing
Greed is also a form of hope where the expected reward is typically far in excess of the time and cost expected to be invested.
181 Hope
Hope happens when someone sees something, decides that it is desirable, realizes that they may not get it, but believes that there is still a chance of getting it.
To put it tersely, though perhaps in a complex way, hope is expectation moderated by probabilistic estimation of a desired event.

182 Envy
Envy is often associated with the color green and is portrayed as 'the green-eyed monster'. It is wanting what others have, desiring to possess what they possess. You can be envious of tangible and intangible things, including their wealth, their good looks and their innate intelligence.
183 Envy and jealousy
Jealousy is slightly different from envy as it involves a third party. It can involve potential loss, such as when we are jealous when someone threatens to woo away our boyfriend or girlfriend. Envy is always about potential gain.
184 Desire
Desire happens when we want something. The strength of that desire can range from weak 'would like to sometime' to a raging thirst to possess something now.
185 Triggering desire
Desire is triggered when we see or think about something we want.
Desire increase when what we want is visible, but just out of reach. It may also increase when we have closer contact with the item, but which we still do not possess.
186 Love
Love is a massive motivator and can lead people to perform all kinds of self-sacrificial acts.
187 Conversion
Conversion is the changing of beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors of individuals into different ideologies. These pages are largely drawn from studies of destructive cults and brainwashing, although the methods used are surprisingly common elsewhere, including in religions, social groups and organizations.

188 Asset-stripping
One thing that most groups need to survive is money, and one source of this is new members. If the group can strip them of their assets.
189 Dematerializing
In their focus on what it right and wrong, the group removes material wealth from being worthwhile and good from their list of values. It is seen as a distraction from the core ideology and purpose of life in the group.
190 Reframing wealth
Assets and their pecuniary value are re-framed as being useful not to the individual but to the group and its purposes.
191 Confession
Confession may seem like an odd part of conversion, but it is particularly effective at enabling people to put an undesirable past behind them. As well as a conversion technique, it is also useful for retention.
192 Agreeing the rules




The basic idea behind confession is that there are some things which are bad, and which contravene defined rules and values.
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193 Starting easy
Agreement over rules typically starts with generalized rules with which it is hard to disagree, for example 'people should help one another'.
194 Tightening the rules
These rules may then be gradually tightened over time. As people accept the basic premise, additional judgment criteria are added.
195 The assumptions of guilt and atonement
A basic assumption (and by implication a rule) that is often unspoken is that the person in question is already guilty. Guilt is an effective lever that casts the person as imperfect and inferior.
196 Confessing sins
Having agreed what the rules are, individuals are encouraged to confess past 'sins'.
197 The tension of guilt
This creates a tension between the person's actions and their stated belief that the action is bad.
198 Release and atonement
Confessing thus leads to a blessed relief, especially when the tension has been exacerbated by declarations of how terrible sins are and how the person is understood to be basically good.
199 The subtle lever of authority
A subtle implication of all this is to position the sinner as inferior and the person to whom they are confessing as superior.
200 The building of trust
Confessing sins is to expose vulnerability, which requires trust. Confession thus acts to increase the bonding of the individual to those hearing the confession, as consistency principle provides the argument that if I am confessing, then those listening must be trustworthy.
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201 Public confessions
The whole effect may be intensified by making the confession public. It both increases the hurt of discomfort and also enables a greater rescue effects and consequent relief.
202 Entrancement
Entrancement is used during conversion to open the mind to suggestion and limit rational consideration.
203 Altered states
It can be argued that we are always in some kind of trance, and that we dip in and out of deeper states as we daydream and fixate on things in our normal lives.


204 Individual and social
You can go into a trance individually. You can also become entranced as a group. Crowd effects are well known, for example at large sports events whole swathes of the audience will emote and act as one.
205 Suggestibility
During the altered state, the person is likely to be susceptible to suggestion. That is, they may accept something with limited or no cognitive challenge or thoughtful reflection.
206 Hypnotic possibilities
If a person is hypnotized, will they do things they would not normally do? One theory states that we will not do things outside our morals. Yet in the 1950s, the CIA were exploring the use of hypnosis.
207 Rhythm
Repetitive rhythm has an interesting effect on us. Perhaps it is something primitive, but a repeating rhythm tends to send us into a trance state. Think about music, dancing, drumming and chanting. These are used in many religious meetings as well as the clubs and dance-halls where social groups gather. Singing may be about group tenets.
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208 Ritual
Repetition not only happens at the speed of clapping - it also happens as we repeat familiar rituals. If I perform various acts that end up with going into a trance, then next time I start the same sequence, I will be most of the way to the trance before I get there.
209 Prayer and meditation
In prayer and meditation, the person concentrates on a particular theme and seeks to exclude all other thoughts.
210 Guided thinking
The final method of entrancement discussed here is where the person gives up control of where they are thinking to someone else who tells them what to think and feel.
211 Isolation
One of the methods by which groups convert and retain members is by separating them

from influences that enable or encourage them to think in contrary ways.
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212 Entrapment
One of the first dilemmas for groups seeking to recruit new members is how to get them in one place long enough to apply sufficient persuasion to cause them to convert (or at least take the next step in the right direction).
213 The weekend session
One of the most effective ways of doing this is to invite them to a 'weekend in the country'. The event may be framed as getting to know more friends, discussions, education or other attractive purposes.
214 Social events
Another method is through shorter-term sessions, perhaps lasting just one evening, where it may appear that there are a number of other recruits who all are persuaded - whilst the truth might be that they are already full members of the group.
215 Individual relationships
An even slower method is to build one-to-one relationships, which may even be romantic in nature or may just be based on apparent friendship.
216 Excluding contrary influence
If a person is provided with persuasive arguments, they may be dissuaded from joining the group or even persuaded to leave by contrary arguments (particularly if the original arguments are shaky).
217 Physical isolation
The first stage is to isolate people from external influences by moving the people physically away from them. Hence the weekend session is most effectively done when there is no way for the people to escape (for example they were transported there by group members and it is a long way home).
218 Mental isolation



There are many ways that a person can be made to feel alone, and hence seek the attention of whoever is there. If they are told that all they have once held to be true, then they will start to feel uncertain.
219 Control of media
Once physical isolation is achieved, a further step is to use information control to ensure that no contrary messages appear by accident. Thus newspapers, television, books etc. may all be removed, censured or controlled. These can then be replaced with confirming and persuading literature and other media.
220 Social confirmation
Perhaps the most persuasive message is one that you are told in the corridor by friends who seem not to have any particular axe to grind. Social confirmation occurs when everyone else confirms the core message.
221 Guilt
When values are involved, then the choices are not just between agreement or disagreement - they are about good and bad. Any thought that is against group values and rules is framed as bad, which carries a heavy guilt penalty.
222 Thought-stopping
Thought-stopping includes various methods of stopping thinking by distraction or dissuasion.
223 Keeping busy
A very simple method that groups use to retain their members is very simply to keep them busy.
224 Every minute of the day
The people in the group have their days planned out for them, such that they have hardly a moment to themselves during which they may think about leaving of disobeying.
225 And into the night
What many of us call 'night' can also be a period during which people are kept busy. Group members may go to bed late and/or get up early. Groups may also wake people up at various times during the night for assorted rituals, from prayer to 'important revelations' from the leader.
226 Everything is provided
When first joining the group, it can be a great relief to find that everything is provided for you. After the weight of responsibility of life outside, where you are constantly faced with difficult choices, it can be marvelous to find that you don't have to do everything for yourself.
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227 Rites of passage
A classic method that groups and gangs use is a rite of passage where initiates have to perform embarrassing, difficult or painful tasks, that can range from body mutilation to fasting to suffering ritualized abuse.
228 Every detail of living
The more the person gets into the group, the more even the smallest decisions may be removed from them.


229 Polarization
One way in which groups lock in their members is by creating a simple, but powerful, black-and-white picture of the world in which sharp choices have to be made.
230 Lionizing the group
The group is presented as representing or seeking ultimate good. This may start with the notion of a socially caring and harmonious society, but then positions itself as being superior to the rest of the world. In fact only an idiot would consider leaving such a paradise.

231 Demonizing the out-group
Anyone who is not a member of the group is cast either as innocent and 'to be saved', or bad and either to be shunned or to be fleeced or otherwise taken advantage of.
232 Punishing offenders
By association, anyone who expresses any thoughts about leaving the group is effectively saying that they prefer the company demons to the company of gods. This is just cause for judgment and punishment to 'cleanse' them of such evil thoughts.
233 Special language
Language and words are how we encapsulate meaning. Hence, if you control language, you control thought.
234 The meaning of words
Words are little capsules of meaning. They are symbols upon which we hang bagsful of inferences and understanding. We think in words and sentences.
235 New words for new meanings
When something new is discovered, then we give it a new word. This separates the new thing from other things. Having a separate word makes it a separate thing, with different meaning.
236 Old words for new meanings
The reverse can also be done, in that existing words can be redefined to have different meanings. Teenagers and advertisers regularly do this, and superlatives from many different domains have been pressed into new service. 'Fabulous' means 'like a fable'. 'Fantastic' means 'like a fantasy'. And so on.
237 Words that control
Using special words and language can lead to significant influence and control of other people.
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238 Emotional control
Words contain and trigger emotions. Think about swearing, children, crime, movie icons and more. With a few choice words, it is possible to evoke most emotions in other people. Power words are a typical example.
239 The allure of special words
Groups and leaders often keep special words for use only within inner circles of power. These then become symbols within the inner group of its exclusivity and also become attractors to others who want to join the inner group and learn these special words.
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240 Striving
A way that members of groups are retained is by assuring that they never reach completion, and that they are constantly striving for more.
241 Creating hope
Jonathan Swift said, 'It is better to travel hopefully than arrive'. Hope is a key part of striving, along with a belief in better things to come for those who strive.
242 Ultimate promises
The group typically dangles a carrot in front of the person in the form of the promise of enlightenment, riches, being 'saved' and so on. Framing what the person once thought as unattainable as now a real possibility awakens a deep longing in them.




243 Early success


Early successes serves to bond the person further into this goal and serves to amplify their hope. This may often be created by a self-fulfilling prophesy - if you believe in something enough, it is surprising what you can achieve.
244 A sequence of rewards
A more controllable form or reward is given with promotion within the group to higher levels, for example by giving them a new status name (acolyte, traveler, master, manager, director, etc.)
245 Unattainable perfection
Individuals are constantly encouraged to constantly push towards this ultimate but unattainable perfection.
246 The leader knows perfection
The leader of the group is the ultimate judge of what perfection is and how well or badly the person is progressing towards it.
247 Imperfection into punishment
The unattainability of the ultimate perfection can then used to induce guilt and show the person to be sinful and hence sustain the requirement for confession and more ardent obedience to those higher than them in the group's order of perfection.

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PeopleNology Teen Mental Health Problems: What Are The Warning Signs Gregory Bodenhamer Tao Te Chang

Teen Mental Health Problems: What Are The Warning Signs

To be fair, no one has ever pretended that parenting a teenager was going to be easy. Still, until your own kids reach that stage, it’s tempting to believe your family will be immune to teen behavior problems. No, you tell yourself, your teenager will never talk back, stay out too late or pierce her eyebrow.

Dream on.

Teenagers are basically hard-wired to butt heads with their parents, says Stuart Goldman, MD, director of psychiatric education at Children’s Hospital in Boston. “Adolescence is a time of rapid change for kids both physically and cognitively,” he explains. “It’s the task of the teenager to fire their parents and then re-hire them years later, but as consultants rather than managers.”

But that doesn’t mean you have to take it lying down. With the right approach, you can troubleshoot the following teen behavior problems in a relatively civilized fashion.

Teen Behavior Problem 1:

Your Teen Seems To Hate You

One minute your sweet child is begging you to come on the class trip or to lie down with her while she falls asleep. Then, seemingly overnight, she starts treating you like dirt, discounting everything you say and snickering at your suggestions. If you look closely, you’ll see that you’ve been through this before, when she was a toddler -- only instead of shouting “no!” like a two-year-old would, a teenager simply rolls her eyes in disgust.

“It’s so hard for parents when this happens,” says Nadine Kaslow, PhD, a psychologist specializing in kids and families at Emory University in Atlanta. “But part of adolescence is about separating and individuating, and many kids need to reject their parents in order to find their own identities.” Teens focus on their friends more than on their families, which is normal too.

Your Solution

Sometimes parents feel so hurt by their teens’ treatment that they respond by returning the rejection -- which is a mistake. “Teenagers know that they still need their parents even if they can’t admit it,” says Goldman. “The roller-coaster they put you on is also the one they’re feeling internally.” As the parent, you need to stay calm and try to weather this teenage rebellion phase, which usually passes by the time a child is 16 or 17.

But no one’s saying your teen should be allowed to be truly nasty or to curse at you; when this happens, you have to enforce basic behavior standards. One solution is the good, old-fashioned approach of: “If you can’t say something nice, don’t say anything at all." By letting your teenager know that you’re here for him no matter what, you make it more likely that he’ll let down his guard and confide in you once in a while, which is a rare treat.

(NAPS)-The teen years can be tough for both parent and child. Adolescents are under stress to be liked, do well in school, get along with their family and make important life decisions. Most of these pressures are unavoidable and worrying about them is natural. But if your teen: is feeling extremely sad, hopeless or·worthless, these could be warning signs of a mental health problem.

Mental health problems are real, painful and can be severe. They can lead to school failure, loss of friends, or family conflict. Some of the signs that may point to a possible problem are listed below. If you are a Parent or other caregiver of a teenager, pay attention if your teen:

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Is troubled by feeling:

• very angry most of the time, cries a lot or overreacts to things; ·
• worthless or guilty a lot;
• anxious or worried a lot more than other young people;
• grief for a long time after a loss or death;
• extremely fearful-has unexplained fears or more fears than most kids;
• constantly concerned about physical problems or appearance;
• frightened that his or her mind is controlled or is out of control.

Experiences big changes, for example:

• does much worse in school;
• loses interest in things usually enjoyed;
• has unexplained changes in sleeping or eating habits;
• avoids friends or family and wants to be alone all the time;
• daydreams too much and can't get things done;
• feels life is too hard to handle or talks about suicide;
• hears voices that cannot be explained.

Is limited by:

• poor concentration; can't make decisions;
• inability to sit still or focus attention;
• worry about being harmed, hurting others, or about doing something "bad";
• the need to wash, clean things, or perform certain routines dozens of times a day;
• thoughts that race almost too fast to follow;
• persistent nightmares.

Behaves in ways that cause problems, for-example:

• uses alcohol or other drugs;
• eats large amounts of food and then forces vomiting, abuses laxatives, or takes enemas to avoid weight-'gain;
• continues to diet or exercise obsessively although bone-thin;.
• often hurts other people, destroys property, or breaks the law;
• does things that can be life threatening.

To find help, discuss your concerns with your teen's teacher, school counselor or others such as a family doctor, psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, religious counselor or nurse.

Tao Ching English Verses PeopleNology

Tao Te Ching
by Lao-tzu
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Tao Te Ching

1The Tao that can be trodden is not the enduring and unchanging Tao. The name that can be named is not the enduring and unchanging name.(Conceived of as) having no name, it is the Originator of heaven and earth; (conceived of as) having a name, it is the Mother of all things. Always without desire we must be found, If its deep mystery we would sound; But if desire always within us be, Its outer fringe is all that we shall see. Under these two aspects, it is really the same; but as development takes place, it receives the different names. Together we call them the Mystery. Where the Mystery is the deepest is the gate of all that’s subtle and wonderful.
2All in the world know the beauty of the beautiful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what ugliness is; they all know the skill of the skilful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what the want of skill is. So it is that existence and non-existence give birth the one to(the idea of) the other; that difficulty and ease produce the one (the idea of) the other; that length and shortness fashion out the one the figure of the other; that (the ideas of) height and lowness arise from the contrast of the one with the other; that the musical notes and tones become harmonious through the relation of one with another; and that being before and behind give the idea of one following another. Therefore the sage manages affairs without doing anything, and conveys his instructions without the use of speech. All things spring up, and there is not one which declines to show itself; they grow, and there is no claim made for their ownership; they go through their processes, and there is no expectation (of are ward for the results). The work is accomplished, and there is no resting in it (as an achievement).The work is done, but how no one can see;’ is this that makes the power not cease to be.
3Not to value and employ men of superior ability is the way to keep the people from rivalry among themselves; not to prize articles which are difficult to procure is the way to keep them from becoming thieves; not to show them what is likely to excite their desires is the way to keep their minds from disorder. Therefore the sage, in the exercise of his government, empties their minds, fills their bellies, weakens their wills, and strengthens their bones. He constantly (tries to) keep them without knowledge and without desire, and where there are those who have knowledge, to keep them from presuming to act (on it). When there is this abstinence from action, good order is universal.
4The Tao is (like) the emptiness of a vessel; and in our employment of it we must be on our guard against all fullness. How deep and unfathomable it is, as if it were the Honored Ancestor offal things! We should blunt our sharp points, and unravel the complications of things; we should attempter our brightness, and bring ourselves into agreement with the obscurity of others. How pure and still the Tao’s, as if it would ever so continue! I do not know whose son it is. It might appear to have been before God.
5Heaven and earth do not act from (the impulse of) any wish to be benevolent; they deal with all things as the dogs of grass are dealt with. The sages do not act from (any wish to be) benevolent; they deal with the people as the dogs of grass are dealt with. May not the space between heaven and earth be compared to abellows?'Tis emptied, yet it loses not its power;’ is moved again, and sends forth air the more. Much speech to swift exhaustion lead we see; Your inner being guard, and keep it free.
6The valley spirit dies not, aye the same; The female mystery thus do we name. Its gate, from which at first they issued forth, Is called the root from which grew heaven and earth. Long and unbroken does its power remain, Used gently, and without the touch of pain.
7Heaven is long-enduring and earth continues long. The reason why heaven and earth are able to endure and continue thus long is because they do not live of, or for, themselves. This is how they are able to continue and endure. Therefore the sage puts his own person last, and yet it is found in the foremost place; he treats his person as if it were foreign to him, and yet that person is preserved. Is it not because he has no personal and private ends, that therefore such ends are realized?
8The highest excellence is like (that of) water. The excellence of water appears in its benefiting all things, and in its occupying, without striving (to the contrary), the low place which all men dislike. Hence (its way) is near to (that of) the Tao. The excellence of a residence is in (the suitability of) the place; that of the mind is in abysmal stillness; that of associations is in their being with the virtuous; that of government is in its securing good order; that of (the conduct of) affairs is in its ability; and that of (the initiation of) any movement is in its timeliness. And when (one with the highest excellence) does not wrangle (about his low position), no one finds fault with him.
9It is better to leave a vessel unfilled, than to attempt to carry it when it is full. If you keep feeling a point that has been sharpened, the point cannot long preserve its sharpness. When gold and jade fill the hall, their possessor cannot keep them safe. When wealth and honors lead to arrogance, this brings its evil on itself. When the work is done, and one's name is becoming distinguished, to withdraw into obscurity is the way of Heaven.
10When the intelligent and animal souls are held together in one embrace, they can be kept from separating. When one gives undivided attention to the (vital) breath, and brings it to the utmost degree of pliancy, he can become as a (tender) babe. When he has cleansed away the most mysterious sights (of his imagination), he can become without flaw. In loving the people and ruling the state, cannot he proceed without any (purpose of) action? In the opening and shutting of his gates of heaven, cannot he do so as a female bird? While his intelligence reaches in every direction, cannot he (appear to) be without knowledge?(The Tao) produces (all things) and nourishes them; it produces them and does not claim them as its own; it does all, and yet does not boast of it; it presides over all, and yet does not control them. This is what is called 'The mysterious Quality' (of the Tao).
11The thirty spokes unite in the one nave; but it is on the empty space (for the axle), that the use of the wheel depends. Clay is fashioned into vessels; but it is on their empty hollowness, that their use depends. The door and windows are cut out (from the walls)to form an apartment; but it is on the empty space (within), that its use depends. Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves for profitable adaptation, and what has not that for (actual) usefulness.
12Colour's five hues from the' eyes their sight will take; Music’s five notes the ears as deaf can make; The flavors five deprive the mouth of taste; The chariot course, and the wild hunting waste Make mad the mind; and objects rare and strange, Sought for, men's conduct will to evil change. Therefore the sage seeks to satisfy (the craving of) the belly, and not the (insatiable longing of the) eyes. He puts from him the latter, and prefers to seek the former.
13Favour and disgrace would seem equally to be feared; honor and great calamity, to be regarded as personal conditions (of the same kind).What is meant by speaking thus of favor and disgrace? Disgrace is being in a low position (after the enjoyment of favor). The getting that (favor) leads to the apprehension (of losing it), and the losing it leads to the fear of (still greater calamity):--this is what is meant by saying that favor and disgrace would seem equally to befeared.And what is meant by saying that honor and great calamity are to be(similarly) regarded as personal conditions? What makes me liable to great calamity is my having the body (which I call myself); if I hadn’t the body, what great calamity could come to me? Therefore he who would administer the kingdom, honoring it as hehonours his own person, may be employed to govern it, and he who would administer it with the love which he bears to his own person may be entrusted with it.
14We look at it, and we do not see it, and we name it 'the Equable.' We listen to it, and we do not hear it, and we name it 'the Inaudible.' We try to grasp it, and do not get hold of it, and we name it 'the Subtle.' With these three qualities, it cannot be made the subject of description; and hence we blend them together and obtain The One. Its upper part is not bright, and its lower part is not obscure. Ceaseless in its action, it yet cannot be named, and then it again returns and becomes nothing. This is called the Form of the Formless, and the Semblance of the Invisible; this is called the Fleeting andIndeterminable.We meet it and do not see its Front; we follow it, and do not see its Back. When we can lay hold of the Tao of old to direct the things of the present day, and are able to know it as it was of old in the beginning, this is called (unwinding) the clue of Tao.
15The skilful masters (of the Tao) in old times, with a subtle and exquisite penetration, comprehended its mysteries, and were deep(also) so as to elude men's knowledge. As they were thus beyond men’s knowledge, I will make an effort to describe of what sort they appeared to be. Shrinking looked they like those who wade through a stream in winter; irresolute like those who are afraid of all around them; grave like a guest (in awe of his host); evanescent like ice that is melting away; unpretentious like wood that has not been fashioned into anything; vacant like a valley, and dull like muddy water. Who can (make) the muddy water (clear)? Let it be still, and twill gradually become clear. Who can secure the condition of rest? Let movement go on, and the condition of rest will gradually arise. They who preserve this method of the Tao do not wish to be full (of themselves). It is through their not being full of themselves that they can afford to seem worn and not appear new and complete.
16The (state of) vacancy should be brought to the utmost degree, and that of stillness guarded with unwearyingly vigor. All things alike go through their processes of activity, and (then) we see them return (to their original state). When things (in the vegetable world) have displayed their luxuriant growth, we see each of them return to its root. This returning to their root is what we call testate of stillness; and that stillness may be called a reporting that they have fulfilled their appointed end. The report of that fulfillment is the regular, unchanging rule. To know that unchanging rule is to be intelligent; not to know it leads to wild movements and evil issues. The knowledge of that unchanging rule produces a (grand) capacity and forbearance, and that capacity and forbearance lead to a community (of feeling with all things).From this community of feeling comes a kingliness of character; and he who is king-like goes on to be heaven-like. In that likeness to heaven he possesses the Tao. Possessed of the Tao, he endures long; and to the end of his bodily life, is exempt from all danger of decay.
17In the highest antiquity, (the people) did not know that there were (their rulers). In the next age they loved them and praised them. In the next they feared them; in the next they despised them. Thus it was that when faith (in the Tao) was deficient (in the rulers)a want of faith in them ensued (in the people).How irresolute did those (earliest rulers) appear, showing (by their reticence) the importance which they set upon their words! Their work was done and their undertakings were successful, while the people all said, 'We are as we are, of ourselves!'
18When the Great Tao (Way or Method) ceased to be observed, benevolence and righteousness came into vogue. (Then) appeared wisdom and shrewdness, and there ensued great hypocrisy. When harmony no longer prevailed throughout the six kinships, filial sons found their manifestation; when the states and clans fell into disorder, loyal ministers appeared.
19If we could renounce our sameness and discard our wisdom, it would be better for the people a hundredfold. If we could renounce our benevolence and discard our righteousness, the people would again become filial and kindly. If we could renounce our artful contrivances and discard our (scheming for) gain, there would be no thieves nor robbers. Those three methods (of government)Thought olden ways in elegance did fail And made these names their want of worth to veil; But simple views, and courses plain and true Would selfish ends and many lusts eschew.
20When we renounce learning we have no troubles. The (ready) 'yes,' and (flattering) 'yea;'--Small is the difference they display. But mark their issues, good and ill;--What space the gulf between shall fill? What all men fear is indeed to be feared; but how wide and without ends the range of questions (asking to be discussed)!The multitude of men look satisfied and pleased; as if enjoying full banquet, as if mounted on a tower in spring. I alone seem listless and still, my desires having as yet given no indication of their presence. I am like an infant which has not yet smiled. I look dejected and forlorn, as if I had no home to go to. The multitude omen all have enough and to spare. I alone seem to have lost everything. My mind is that of a stupid man; I am in a state ofchaos.Ordinary men look bright and intelligent, while I alone seem to be benighted. They look full of discrimination, while I alone am dull and confused. I seem to be carried about as on the sea, drifting as if I had nowhere to rest. All men have their spheres of action, while I alone seem dull and incapable, like a rude borderer. (Thus) I alone am different from other men, but I value the nursing-mother (the Tao).
21The grandest forms of active force From Tao come, their only source. Who can of Tao the nature tell? Our sight it flies, our touch as well. Eluding sight, eluding touch, The forms of things all in it crouch; Eluding touch, eluding sight, There are their semblances, all right. Profound it is, dark and obscure; Things' essences all there endure. Those essences the truth enfold Of what, when seen, shall then be told. Now it is so; 'twas so of old. Its name--what passes not away; So, in their beautiful array, Things form and never know decay. How know I that it is so with all the beauties of existing things? By this (nature of the Tao).
22The partial becomes complete; the crooked, straight; the empty, full; the worn out, new. He whose (desires) are few gets them; he whose (desires) are many goes astray. Therefore the sage holds in his embrace the one thing (of humility), and manifests it to all the world. He is free from self-display, and therefore he shines; from self-assertion, and therefore he is distinguished; from self-boasting, and therefore his merit is acknowledged; from self-complacency, and therefore he acquires superiority. It is because he is thus free from striving that therefore no one in the world is able to strive with him. That saying of the ancients that 'the partial becomes complete' wasn’t vainly spoken:--all real completion is comprehended under it.
23Abstaining from speech marks him who is obeying the spontaneity of his nature. A violent wind does not last for a whole morning; sudden rain does not last for the whole day. To whom is it that these(two) things are owing? To Heaven and Earth. If Heaven and Earth cannot make such (spasmodic) acting’s last long, how much less can man! Therefore when one is making the Tao his business, those who are also pursuing it, agree with him in it, and those who are making the manifestation of its course their object agree with him in that; while even those who are failing in both these things agree with him where they fail. Hence, those with whom he agrees as to the Tao have the happiness of attaining to it; those with whom he agrees as to its manifestation have the happiness of attaining to it; and those with whom he agrees in their failure have also the happiness of attaining (to the Tao).(But) when there is not faith sufficient (on his part), a want of faith (in him) ensues (on the part of the others).
24He who stands on his tiptoes does not stand firm; he who stretches his legs does not walk (easily). (So), he who displays himself doesn’t shine; he who asserts his own views is not distinguished; he who vaunts himself does not find his merit acknowledged; he who is self-conceited has no superiority allowed to him. Such conditions, viewed from the standpoint of the Tao, are like remnants of food, or a tomorrow the body, which all dislike. Hence those who pursue (the course)of the Tao do not adopt and allow them.
25There was something undefined and complete, coming into existence before Heaven and Earth. How still it was and formless, standing alone, and undergoing no change, reaching everywhere and inn danger (of being exhausted)! It may be regarded as the Mother offal things. I do not know its name, and I give it the designation of the Tao(the Way or Course). Making an effort (further) to give it a name Call it The Great. Great, it passes on (in constant flow). Passing on, it becomes remote. Having become remote, it returns. Therefore the Tao is great; Heaven is great; Earth is great; and the (sage) king is also great. In the universe there are four that are great, and the (sage)king is one of them. Man takes his law from the Earth; the Earth takes its law from Heaven; Heaven takes its law from the Tao. The law of the Tao is its being what it is.
26Gravity is the root of lightness; stillness, the ruler ofmovement.Therefore a wise prince, marching the whole day, does not go far from his baggage wagons. Although he may have brilliant prospects to look at, he quietly remains (in his proper place), indifferent totem. How should the lord of a myriad chariots carry himself lightly before the kingdom? If he do act lightly, he has lost his root (of gravity); if he proceed to active movement, he will lose his throne.
27The skilful traveler leaves no traces of his wheels or footsteps; the skilful speaker says nothing that can be found fault with or blamed; the skilful reckoned uses no tallies; the skilful closer needs no bolts or bars, while to open what he has shut will be impossible; the skilful binder uses no strings or knots, while to unloose what he has bound will be impossible. In the same way the sage is always skilful at saving men, and so he does not cast away any man; he is always skilful at saving things, and so he does not castaway anything. This is called 'Hiding the light of his procedure.’ Therefore the man of skill is a master (to be looked up to) by him who has not the skill; and he who has not the skill is the helper of(the reputation of) him who has the skill. If the one did not honourhis master, and the other did not rejoice in his helper, an(observer), though intelligent, might greatly err about them. This miscalled 'The utmost degree of mystery.'
28Who knows his manhood's strength, Yet still his female feebleness maintains; As to one channel flow the many drains, All come to him, yea, all beneath the sky. Thus he the constant excellence retains; The simple child again, free from all stains. Who knows how white attracts, Yet always keeps himself within black's shade, The pattern of humility displayed, Displayed in view of all beneath the sky; He in the unchanging excellence arrayed, Endless return to man's first state has made. Who knows how glory shines, Yet loves disgrace, nor ever for it is pale; Behold his presence in a spacious vale, To which men come from all beneath the sky. The unchanging excellence completes its tale; The simple infant man in him we hail. The unwrought material, when divided and distributed, forms vessels. The sage, when employed, becomes the Head of all the Officers (of government); and in his greatest regulations he employs no violent measures.
29If any one should wish to get the kingdom for himself, and to effect this by what he does, I see that he will not succeed. The kingdom is a spirit-like thing, and cannot be got by active doing. He who would so win it destroys it; he who would hold it in his grasp loses it. The course and nature of things is such that What was in front is now behind; What warmed anon we freezing find. Strength is of weakness oft the spoil; The store in ruins mocks our toil. Hence the sage puts away excessive effort, extravagance, and easy indulgence.
30He who would assist a lord of men in harmony with the Tao will not assert his mastery in the kingdom by force of arms. Such a courses sure to meet with its proper return. Wherever a host is stationed, briars and thorns spring up. In the sequence of great armies there are sure to be bad years. A skilful (commander) strikes a decisive blow, and stops. He doesn’t dare (by continuing his operations) to assert and complete his mastery. He will strike the blow, but will be on his guard against being vain or boastful or arrogant in consequence of it. He strikes it as a matter of necessity; he strikes it, but not from a wish formastery.When things have attained their strong maturity they become old. This may be said to be not in accordance with the Tao: and what is noting accordance with it soon comes to an end.
31Now arms, however beautiful, are instruments of evil omen, hateful, it may be said, to all creatures. Therefore they who have the Tao do not like to employ them. The superior man ordinarily considers the left hand the mosthonourable place, but in time of war the right hand. Those sharp weapons are instruments of evil omen, and not the instruments of the superior man;--he uses them only on the compulsion of necessity. Calm and repose are what he prizes; victory (by force of arms) is to him undesirable. To consider this desirable would be to delight in the slaughter of men; and he who delights in the slaughter of men cannot get his will in the kingdom. On occasions of festivity to be on the left hand is the prized position; on occasions of mourning, the right hand. The second in command of the army has his place on the left; the general commanding in chief has his on the right;--his place, that is, is assigned to him as in the rites of mourning. He who has killed multitudes of men should weep for them with the bitterest grief; and the victor in battle has his place (rightly) according to those rites.
32The Tao, considered as unchanging, has no name. Though in its primordial simplicity it may be small, the whole world dares not deal with (one embodying) it as a minister. If feudal prince or the king could guard and hold it, all would spontaneously submit themselves to him. Heaven and Earth (under its guidance) unite together and send down the sweet dew, which, without the directions of men, reaches equally everywhere as of its own accord. As soon as it proceeds to action, it has a name. When it once has that name, (men) can know to rest in it. When they know to rest init, they can be free from all risk of failure and error. The relation of the Tao to all the world is like that of the great rivers and seas to the streams from the valleys.
33He who knows other men is discerning; he who knows himself is intelligent. He who overcomes others is strong; he who overcomes himself is mighty. He who is satisfied with his lot is rich; he who goes on acting with energy has a (firm) will. He who does not fail in the requirements of his position, continues long; he who dies and yet does not perish, has longevity.
34All-pervading is the Great Tao! It may be found on the left-hand and on the right. All things depend on it for their production, which it gives totem, not one refusing obedience to it. When its work is accomplished, it does not claim the name of having done it. It clothes all things as with a garment, and makes no assumption of being their lord;--it may be named in the smallest things. All things return (to their root and disappear), and do not know that it is it which presides over their doing so;--it may be named in the greatestthings.Hence the sage is able (in the same way) to accomplish his great achievements. It is through his not making himself great that he can accomplish them.
35To him who holds in his hands the Great Image (of the invisible Tao), the whole world repairs. Men resort to him, and receive no hurt, but (find) rest, peace, and the feeling of ease. Music and dainties will make the passing guest stop (for a time).But though the Tao as it comes from the mouth, seems insipid and has no flavor, though it seems not worth being looked at or listened to, the use of it is inexhaustible.
36When one is about to take an inspiration, he is sure to make a(previous) expiration; when he is going to weaken another, he will first strengthen him; when he is going to overthrow another, he will first have raised him up; when he is going to despoil another, he will first have made gifts to him:--this is called 'Hiding the light (of his procedure).'The soft overcomes the hard; and the weak the strong. Fishes should not be taken from the deep; instruments for the profit of a state should not be shown to the people.
37The Tao in its regular course does nothing (for the sake of doing it), and so there is nothing which it does not do. If princes and kings were able to maintain it, all things would of themselves be transformed by them. If this transformation became to me an object of desire, I would express the desire by the nameless simplicity. Simplicity without a names free from all external aim. With no desire, at rest and still, All things go right as of their will.
38(Those who) possessed in highest degree the attributes (of theta) did not (seek) to show them, and therefore they possessed them(in fullest measure). (Those who) possessed in a lower degree those attributes (sought how) not to lose them, and therefore they did not possess them (in fullest measure).(Those who) possessed in the highest degree those attributes did nothing (with a purpose), and had no need to do anything. (Those who)possessed them in a lower degree were (always) doing, and had need tube so doing.(Those who) possessed the highest benevolence were (always seeking)to carry it out, and had no need to be doing so. (Those who)possessed the highest righteousness were (always seeking) to carry tout, and had need to be so doing.(Those who) possessed the highest (sense of) propriety were (always seeking) to show it, and when men did not respond to it, they bared the arm and marched up to them. Thus it was that when the Tao was lost, its attributes appeared; when its attributes were lost, benevolence appeared; when benevolence was lost, righteousness appeared; and when righteousness was lost, the proprieties appeared. Now propriety is the attenuated form of Leal-heartedness and good faith, and is also the commencement of disorder; swift apprehension is(only) a flower of the Tao, and is the beginning of stupidity. Thus it is that the Great man abides by what is solid, and eschews what is flimsy; dwells with the fruit and not with the flower. It isthmus that he puts away the one and makes choice of the other.
39The things which from of old have got the One (the Tao) are--Heaven which by it is bright and pure; Earth rendered thereby firm and sure; Spirits with powers by it supplied; Valleys kept full throughout their void All creatures which through it do live Princes and kings who from it get The model which to all they give. All these are the results of the One (Tao).If heaven were not thus pure, it soon would rend; If earth were not thus sure, 'would break and bend; Without these powers, the spirits soon would fail; If not so filled, the drought would parch each vale; Without that life, creatures would pass away; Princes and kings, without that moral sway, However grand and high, would all decay. Thus it is that dignity finds its (firm) root in its (previous)meanness, and what is lofty finds its stability in the lowness (from which it rises). Hence princes and kings call themselves 'Orphans,’ Men of small virtue,' and as 'Carriages without a nave.' Is not this an acknowledgment that in their considering themselves mean they seethe foundation of their dignity? So it is that in the enumeration of the different parts of a carriage we do not come on what makes it answer the ends of a carriage. They do not wish to show themselves elegant-looking as jade, but (prefer) to be coarse-looking as an(ordinary) stone.
40The movement of the Toby contraries proceeds; And weakness marks the course Of Tao's mighty deeds. All things under heaven sprang from It as existing (and named);that existence sprang from It as non-existent (and not named).
41Scholars of the highest class, when they hear about the Tao, earnestly carry it into practice. Scholars of the middle class, when they have heard about it, seem now to keep it and now to lose it. Scholars of the lowest class, when they have heard about it, laugh greatly at it. If it were not (thus) laughed at, it would not be fit to be the Tao. Therefore the sentence-makers have thus expressed themselves:--'The Tao, when brightest seen, seems light to lack; Who progress in it makes, seems drawing back; Its even way is like a rugged track. Its highest virtue from the vale doth rise; Its greatest beauty seems to offend the eyes; And he has most whose lot the least supplies. Its firmest virtue seems but poor and low; Its solid truth seems change to undergo; Its largest square doth yet no corner show vessel great, it is the slowest made; Loud is its sound, but never word it said; A semblance great, the shadow of a shade.’ The Tao is hidden, and has no name; but it is the Tao which is skilful at imparting (to all things what they need) and making them complete.
42The Tao produced One; One produced Two; Two produced Three; Three produced All things. All things leave behind them the Obscurity(out of which they have come), and go forward to embrace the Brightness (into which they have emerged), while they are harmonized the Breath of Vacancy. What men dislike is to be orphans, to have little virtue, to be as carriages without naves; and yet these are the designations which kings and princes use for themselves. So it is that some things are increased by being diminished, and others are diminished by beingincreased.What other men (thus) teach, I also teach. The violent and strong do not die their natural death. I will make this the basis of my teaching.
43The softest thing in the world dashes against and overcomes the hardest; that which has no (substantial) existence enters where there’s no crevice. I know hereby what advantage belongs to doing nothing(with a purpose).There are few in the world who attain to the teaching without words, and the advantage arising from non-action.
44Or fame or life, Which do you hold more dear? Or life or wealth, To which would you adhere? Keep life and lose those other things; Keep them and lose your life:--which brings Sorrow and pain more near? Thus we may see, Who cleaves to fame Rejects what is more great; Who loves large stores Gives up the richer state. Who is content Needs fear no shame. Who knows to stop Incurs no blame. From danger free Long live shall he.
45Who thinks his great achievements poor Shall find his vigor long endure. Of greatest fullness, deemed a void, Exhaustion ne'er shall stem the tide. Do thou what's straight still crooked deem;Thy greatest art still stupid seem, And eloquence a stammering scream. Constant action overcomes cold; being still overcomes heat. Purity and stillness give the correct law to all under heaven.
46When the Tao prevails in the world, they send back their swift horses to (draw) the dung-carts. When the Tao is disregarded in the world, the war-horses breed in the border lands. There is no guilt greater than to sanction ambition; no calamity greater than to be discontented with one's lot; no fault greater than the wish to be getting. Therefore the sufficiency of contentment is an enduring and unchanging sufficiency.
47Without going outside his door, one understands (all that takes place) under the sky; without looking out from his window, one seethe Tao of Heaven. The farther that one goes out (from himself), toeless he knows. Therefore the sages got their knowledge without traveling; gave their (right) names to things without seeing them; and accomplished their ends without any purpose of doing so.
48He who devotes himself to learning (seeks) from day to day to increase (his knowledge); he who devotes himself to the Tao (seeks)from day to day to diminish (his doing).He diminishes it and again diminishes it, till he arrives at doing nothing (on purpose). Having arrived at this point of non-action, there is nothing which he does not do. He who gets as his own all under heaven does so by giving himself no trouble (with that end). If one take trouble (with that end), heist not equal to getting as his own all under heaven.
49The sage has no invariable mind of his own; he makes the mind of the people his mind. To those who are good (to me), I am good; and to those who are no-good (to me), I am also good;--and thus (all) get to be good. To those who are sincere (with me), I am sincere; and to those who aren’t sincere (with me), I am also sincere;--and thus (all) get to besincere.The sage has in the world an appearance of indecision, and keeps his mind in a state of indifference to all. The people all keep their eyes and ears directed to him, and he deals with them all as his children.
50Men come forth and live; they enter (again) and die. Of every ten three are ministers of life (to themselves); and three are ministers of death. There are also three in every ten whose aim is to live, but whose movements tend to the land (or place) of death. And for what reason? Because of their excessive endeavors to perpetuate life. But I have heard that he who is skilful in managing the life entrusted to him for a time travels on the land without having to shun rhinoceros or tiger, and enters a host without having to avoid buff coat or sharp weapon. The rhinoceros finds no place in him into which to thrust its horn, nor the tiger a place in which to fix its claws, nor the weapon a place to admit its point. And for what reason? Because there is in him no place of death.
51All things are produced by the Tao, and nourished by itsoutflowing operation. They receive their forms according to the nature of each, and are completed according to the circumstances of their condition. Therefore all things without exception honor theta, and exalt its out flowing operation. This honoring of the Tao and exalting of its operation is not the result of any ordination, but always a spontaneous tribute. Thus it is that the Tao produces (all things), nourishes them, brings them to their full growth, nurses them, completes them, matures them, maintains them, and overspreads them. It produces them and makes no claim to the possession of them; it carries them through their processes and does not vaunt its ability undoing so; it brings them to maturity and exercises no control over them;--this is called its mysterious operation.
52(The Tao) which originated all under the sky is to be considered as the mother of them all. When the mother is found, we know what her children should be. When one knows that he is his mother's child, and proceeds to guard(the qualities of) the mother that belong to him, to the end of his life he will be free from all peril. Let him keep his mouth closed, and shut up the portals (of his nostrils), and all his life he will be exempt from laborious exertion. Let him keep his mouth open, and (spend his breath) in the promotion of his affairs, and all his life there will be no safety for him. The perception of what is small is (the secret of clear-sightedness; the guarding of what is soft and tender is (the secretor) strength. Who uses well his light, Reverting to its (source so) bright, Will from his body ward all blight, And hides the unchanging from men's sight.
53If I were suddenly to become known, and (put into a position to) conduct (a government) according to the Great Tao, what I should be most afraid of would be a boastful display. The great Tao (or way) is very level and easy; but people love theby-ways.Their court(-yards and buildings) shall be well kept, but their fields shall be ill-cultivated, and their granaries very empty. They shall wear elegant and ornamented robes, carry a sharp sword at their girdle, pamper themselves in eating and drinking, and have superabundance of property and wealth;--such (princes) may be called robbers and boasters. This is contrary to the Tao surely!
54What (Tao's) skilful planter plants Can never be uptorn;What his skilful arms enfold, From him can ne'er be borne. Sons shall bring in lengthening line, Sacrifices to his shrine. Tao when nursed within one's self, His vigor will make true; And where the family it rules What riches will accrue! The neighborhood where it prevails In thriving will abound; And when 'tis seen throughout the state, Good fortune will be found. Employ it the kingdom operand men thrive all around. In this way the effect will be seen in the person, by the observation of different cases; in the family; in the neighbourhood;in the state; and in the kingdom. How do I know that this effect is sure to hold thus all under the sky? By this (method of observation).
55He who has in himself abundantly the attributes (of the Tao) dislike an infant. Poisonous insects will not sting him; fierce beasts will not seize him; birds of prey will not strike him.(The infant's) bones are weak and its sinews soft, but yet its grasp is firm. It knows not yet the union of male and female, and yetis virile member may be excited;--showing the perfection of its physical essence. All day long it will cry without its throat becoming hoarse;--showing the harmony (in its constitution).To him by whom this harmony is known,(The secret of) the unchanging (Tao) is shown, And in the knowledge wisdom finds its throne. All life-increasing arts to evil turn; Where the mind makes the vital breath to burn,(False) is the strength, (and o'er it we should mourn.)When things have become strong, they (then) become old, which maybe said to be contrary to the Tao. Whatever is contrary to the Tao soon ends.
56He who knows (the Tao) does not (care to) speak (about it); he who is (ever ready to) speak about it does not know it. He (who knows it) will keep his mouth shut and close the portals(of his nostrils). He will blunt his sharp points and unravel the complications of things; he will attempter his brightness, and bring himself into agreement with the obscurity (of others). This is called’ the Mysterious Agreement.'(Such an one) cannot be treated familiarly or distantly; he is beyond all consideration of profit or injury; of nobility or meanness:--he is the noblest man under heaven.
57A state may be ruled by (measures of) correction; weapons of war may be used with crafty dexterity; (but) the kingdom is made one’s own (only) by freedom from action and purpose. How do I know that it is so? By these facts:--In the kingdom the multiplication of prohibitive enactments increases the poverty of the people; the more implements to add to their profit that the people have, the greater disorder is there in the state and clan; the more acts of crafty dexterity that men possess, the more do strange contrivances appear; the more display there is of legislation, the more thieves and robbers there are. Therefore a sage has said, 'I will do nothing (of purpose), and the people will be transformed of themselves; I will be fond of keeping still, and the people will of themselves become correct. I will taken trouble about it, and the people will of themselves become rich; Will manifest no ambition, and the people will of themselves attain tithe primitive simplicity.'
58The government that seems the most unwise,Oft goodness to the people best supplies; That which is meddling, touching everything, Will work but ill, and disappointment bring. Misery!--happiness is to be found by its side! Happiness!--misery lurks beneath it! Who knows what either will come to in the end? Shall we then dispense with correction? The (method of) correction shall by a turn become distortion, and the good in it shall by a turn become evil. The delusion of the people (on this point) has indeed subsisted for a long time. Therefore the sage is (like) a square which cuts no one (with its angles); (like) a corner which injures no one (with its sharpness).He is straightforward, but allows himself no license; he is bright, but does not dazzle.
59For regulating the human (in our constitution) and rendering the (proper) service to the heavenly, there is nothing likemoderation.It is only by this moderation that there is effected an early return (to man's normal state). That early return is what I call the repeated accumulation of the attributes (of the Tao). With that repeated accumulation of those attributes, there comes the subjugation(of every obstacle to such return). Of this subjugation we know not what shall be the limit; and when one knows not what the limit shall be, he may be the ruler of a state. He who possesses the mother of the state may continue long. His case is like that (of the plant) of which we say that its roots are deep and its flower stalks firm:--this is the way to secure that its enduring life shall long be seen.
60Governing a great state is like cooking small fish. Let the kingdom be governed according to the Tao, and the manes of the departed will not manifest their spiritual energy. It is not that those manes have not that spiritual energy, but it will not be employed to hurt men. It is not that it could not hurt men, but neither does the ruling sage hurt them. When these two do not injuriously affect each other, their good influences converge in the virtue (of the Tao).
61What makes a great state is its being (like) a low-lying, down-flowing (stream);--it becomes the centre to which tend (all the small states) under heaven.(To illustrate from) the case of all females:--the female always overcomes the male by her stillness. Stillness may be considered (assort of) abasement. Thus it is that a great state, by condescending to small states, gains them for itself; and that small states, by abasing themselves toad great state, win it over to them. In the one case the abasement leads to gaining adherents, in the other case to procuring favorite great state only wishes to unite men together and nourish them; a small state only wishes to be received by, and to serve, the other. Each gets what it desires, but the great state must learn to abase itself.
62Tao has of all things the most honored place. No treasures give good men so rich a grace; Bad men it guards, and doth their ill efface.(Its) admirable words can purchase honor; (its) admirable deeds can raise their performer above others. Even men who are not good aren’t abandoned by it. Therefore when the sovereign occupies his place as the Son of Heaven, and he has appointed his three ducal ministers, though (prince) were to send in a round symbol-of-rank large enough to fill both the hands, and that as the precursor of the team of horses (in the court-yard), such an offering would not be equal to (a lesson of)this Tao, which one might present on his knees. Why was it that the ancients prized this Tao so much? Was it not because it could be got by seeking for it, and the guilty could escape(from the stain of their guilt) by it? This is the reason why all under heaven consider it the most valuable thing.
63(It is the way of the Tao) to act without (thinking of) acting; to conduct affairs without (feeling the) trouble of them; to taste without discerning any flavor; to consider what is small as great, and a few as many; and to recompense injury with kindness.(The master of it) anticipates things that are difficult while they’re easy, and does things that would become great while they are small. All difficult things in the world are sure to arise from previous state in which they were easy, and all great things from one in which they were small. Therefore the sage, while he never does what is great, is able on that account to accomplish the greatestthings.He who lightly promises is sure to keep but little faith; he who is continually thinking things easy is sure to find them difficult. Therefore the sage sees difficulty even in what seems easy, and so never has any difficulties.
64That which is at rest is easily kept hold of; before a thing has given indications of its presence, it is easy to take measures against it; that which is brittle is easily broken; that which is very small is easily dispersed. Action should be taken before a thing has made its appearance; order should be secured before disorder hasbegun.The tree which fills the arms grew from the tiniest sprout; the tower of nine storey rose from a (small) heap of earth; the journey of a thousand lid commenced with a single step. He who acts (with an ulterior purpose) does harm; he who takes hold of a thing (in the same way) loses his hold. The sage does not act(so), and therefore does no harm; he does not lay hold (so), and therefore does not lose his bold. (But) people in their conduct of affairs are constantly ruining them when they are on the eve of success. If they were careful at the end, as (they should be) at the beginning, they would not so ruin them. Therefore the sage desires what (other men) do not desire, and doesn’t prize things difficult to get; he learns what (other men) do not learn, and turns back to what the multitude of men have passed by. Thus he helps the natural development of all things, and does not dare to act (with an ulterior purpose of his own).
65The ancients who showed their skill in practicing the Tao dido, not to enlighten the people, but rather to make them simple andignorant.The difficulty in governing the people arises from their having much knowledge. He who (tries to) govern a state by his wisdom is scourge to it; while he who does not (try to) do so is a blessing. He who knows these two things finds in them also his model and rule. Ability to know this model and rule constitutes what we call the mysterious excellence (of a governor). Deep and far-reaching is such mysterious excellence, showing indeed its possessor as opposite to others, but leading them to a great conformity to him.
66That whereby the rivers and seas are able to receive the homage and tribute of all the valley streams, is their skill in being lower than they;--it is thus that they are the kings of them all. So it is that the sage (ruler), wishing to be above men, puts himself by his words below them, and, wishing to be before them, places his person behind them. In this way though he has his place above them, men do not feel his weight, nor though he has his place before them, do they feel it an injury to them. Therefore all in the world delight to exalt him and do not weary of him. Because he does not strive, no one finds it possible to strive with him.
67All the world says that, while my Tao is great, it yet appears to be inferior (to other systems of teaching). Now it is just its greatness that makes it seem to be inferior. If it were like another (system), for long would its smallness have been known! But I have three precious things which I prize and hold fast. The first is gentleness; the second is economy; and the third is shrinking from taking precedence of others. With that gentleness I can be bold; with that economy I can be liberal; shrinking from taking precedence of others, I can become vessel of the highest honor. Now-a-days they give up gentleness and are all for being bold; economy, and are all for being liberal; the hindmost place, and seek only to be foremost;--(of all which the ends) death. Gentleness is sure to be victorious even in battle, and firmly to maintain its ground. Heaven will save its possessor, by his (very)gentleness protecting him.
68He who in (Tao's) wars has skill Assumes no martial port; He who fights with most good will To rage makes no resort. He who vanquishes yet still Keeps from his foes apart; He whose hosts men most fulfilled humbly plies his art. Thus we say, 'He ne'er contends, And therein is his might.’ Thus we say, 'Men's wills he bends, That they with him unite.’ Thus we say, 'Like Heaven's his ends, No sage of old more bright.'
69A master of the art of war has said, 'I do not dare to be the host (to commence the war); I prefer to be the guest (to act on the defensive). I do not dare to advance an inch; I prefer to retire afoot.' This is called marshalling the ranks where there are no ranks; baring the arms (to fight) where there are no arms to bare; grasping the weapon where there is no weapon to grasp; advancing against the enemy where there is no enemy. There is no calamity greater than lightly engaging in war. To do that is near losing (the gentleness) which is so precious. Thus it is that when opposing weapons are (actually) crossed, he who deplores(the situation) conquers.
70My words are very easy to know, and very easy to practice; but there is no one in the world who is able to know and able to practisethem.There is an originating and all-comprehending (principle) in my words, and an authoritative law for the things (which I enforce). Its because they do not know these, that men do not know me. They who know me are few, and I am on that account (the more) to be prized. It is thus that the sage wears (a poor garb of) hair cloth, while he carries his (signet of) jade in his bosom.
71To know and yet (think) we do not know is the highest(attainment); not to know (and yet think) we do know is a disease. It is simply by being pained at (the thought of) having this disease that we are preserved from it. The sage has not the disease. He knows the pain that would be inseparable from it, and therefore heroes not have it.
72When the people do not fear what they ought to fear, that which’s their great dread will come on them. Let them not thoughtlessly indulge themselves in their ordinary life; let them not act as if weary of what that life depends on. It is by avoiding such indulgence that such weariness does notarise.Therefore the sage knows (these things) of himself, but does not parade (his knowledge); loves, but does not (appear to set a) value on, himself. And thus he puts the latter alternative away and makes choice of the former.
73He whose boldness appears in his daring (to do wrong, in defiance of the laws) is put to death; he whose boldness appears in his not daring (to do so) lives on. Of these two cases the one appears to be advantageous, and the other to be injurious. But When Heaven's anger smites a man, Who the cause shall truly scan? On this account the sage feels a difficulty (as to what to do in the former case).It is the way of Heaven not to strive, and yet it skilfullyovercomes; not to speak, and yet it is skilful in (obtaining a reply; does not call, and yet men come to it of themselves. Its demonstrations are quiet, and yet its plans are skilful and effective. The meshes of the net of Heaven are large; far apart, but letting nothing escape.
74The people do not fear death; to what purpose is it to (try to)frighten them with death? If the people were always in awe of death, and I could always seize those who do wrong, and put them to death, who would dare to do wrong? There is always One who presides over the infliction death. He who would inflict death in the room of him who so presides over it may be described as hewing wood instead of a great carpenter. Seldom is it that he who undertakes the hewing, instead of the great carpenter, does not cut his own hands!
75The people suffer from famine because of the multitude of taxes consumed by their superiors. It is through this that they sufferfamine.The people are difficult to govern because of the (excessive)agency of their superiors (in governing them). It is through this that they are difficult to govern. The people make light of dying because of the greatness of thereabouts in seeking for the means of living. It is this which makes them think light of dying. Thus it is that to leave the subject of living altogether out of view is better than to set a high value omit.
76Man at his birth is supple and weak; at his death, firm and strong. (So it is with) all things. Trees and plants, in their early growth, are soft and brittle; at their death, dry and withered. Thus it is that firmness and strength are the concomitants of death; softness and weakness, the concomitants of life. Hence he who (relies on) the strength of his forces does not conquer; and a tree which is strong will fill the out-stretched arms,(and thereby invites the feller.)Therefore the place of what is firm and strong is below, and that of what is soft and weak is above.
77May not the Way (or Tao) of Heaven be compared to the (method of) bending a bow? The (part of the bow) which was high is brought low, and what was low is raised up. (So Heaven) diminishes where there is superabundance, and supplements where there is deficiency. It is the Way of Heaven to diminish superabundance, and to supplement deficiency. It is not so with the way of man. He takeaway from those who have not enough to add to his own superabundance. Who can take his own superabundance and therewith serve all under heaven? Only he who is in possession of the Tao! Therefore the (ruling) sage acts without claiming the results ashes; he achieves his merit and does not rest (arrogantly) in it:--heroes not wish to display his superiority.
78There is nothing in the world more soft and weak than water, and yet for attacking things that are firm and strong there is nothing that can take precedence of it;--for there is nothing (so effectual)for which it can be changed. Every one in the world knows that the soft overcomes the hard, and the weak the strong, but no one is able to carry it out in practice. Therefore a sage has said,’ He who accepts his state's reproach, Is hailed therefore its altars' lord; To him who bears men's direful woes They all the name of King accord.’ Words that are strictly true seem to be paradoxical.
79When a reconciliation is effected (between two parties) after great animosity, there is sure to be a grudge remaining (in the mind of the one who was wrong). And how can this be beneficial (to the other)?Therefore (to guard against this), the sage keeps the left-hand portion of the record of the engagement, and does not insist on the(speedy) fulfillment of it by the other party. (So), he who has the attributes (of the Tao) regards (only) the conditions of the engagement, while he who has not those attributes regards only the conditions favorable to himself. In the Way of Heaven, there is no partiality of love; it is always on the side of the good man.
80In a little state with a small population, I would so order it, that, though there were individuals with the abilities of ten or hundred men, there should be no employment of them; I would make the people, while looking on death as a grievous thing, yet not remove elsewhere (to avoid it).Though they had boats and carriages, they should have no occasion to ride in them; though they had buff coats and sharp weapons, they should have no occasion to don or use them. I would make the people return to the use of knotted cords (instead of the written characters).They should think their (coarse) food sweet; their (plain) clothes beautiful; their (poor) dwellings places of rest; and their common(simple) ways sources of enjoyment. There should be a neighboring state within sight, and the voices of the fowls and dogs should be heard all the way from it to us, but Would make the people to old age, even to death, not have any intercourse with it.
81Sincere words are not fine; fine words are not sincere. Those who are skilled (in the Tao) do not dispute (about it); the disputatious are not skilled in it. Those who know (the Tao) are not extensively learned; the extensively learned do not know it. The sage does not accumulate (for himself). The more that he expends for others, the more does he possess of his own; the more that he gives to others, the more does he have himself. With all the sharpness of the Way of Heaven, it injures not; withal the doing in the way of the sage he does not strive.
Gregory Bodenhamer Psychology Psychotherapy PeopleNology PeopleTopians TALKING ABOUT DIFFERENT SUBJECTs that involve all human beings Parents Children Teenagers Adolescents and Behavior Experts vote for PeopleNology has a reliable, fact based, scientifically proven methods and systems to engage a human being.
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Back In Control Author Gregory Bodenhamer The foundation themes that Bodenhamer (Back in Control) (BICGB) introduced are all centered on what he describes as the differences between mandatory and optional rules and I PeopleNology Founder Gregory Bodenhamer (PFGB) can say they mostly fail the test of science, psychology and biological evolutionary findings. Mandatory rules must be obeyed. Optional rules always give children a choice to behave as adults would like, or not behave. Ironically, like most parents and public schools, most residential schools rely on optional rules to get children to behave.
Back in control misses the point. The reality of the world beyond what a probation officer, good or bad, may understand. The evolutionary forces inside our little human pre-adults make a lot of decisions for them, without them knowing it. Gregory Bodenhamer Founder of PeopleNology has isolated over 38 mental health triggers or evolutionary drivers that make all human beings do certain things at certain times without thinking. Back in Control suggests that some choices are mandatory and others are optional. What the author fails to understand or report is that pre-adults, teenagers if you will, have a strong evolutionary component within their decision process. Mechanical thinking or 2 + 2 Thinking does not always work with human beings. PeopleNology proves the point year after year, publication after publication without a price tag of a book or a profit motive.
(BICGB) Punishments & Rewards: Rules enforced by rewards and punishments don't have to be obeyed. If children are willing to accept punishment or forego rewards, they have the option to do as they please. So do immature and impulsive children who don't think about the consequences before they act.
(PFGB) PeopleNology - This is bank robber stuff. Punishment always works and Rewards always work. Back in Control does not understand the human being except in the negative. Human beings, created by Mother Nature is the most perfect creature that ever walked mother earth. Consequences are both positive and negative and have different effects. If you want something to continue you reward or offer positive consequences. If you want something to stop you offer negative consequences. There is a third option of doing nothing which is also very powerful. De-motivating another human being is very difficult for parents. It falls within some of the tough-love ideas. Ignore them. Do not relate to their pain, wishes or wants and pretend they don’t occupy any space.
PeopleTopians
Gregory Bodenhamer
Searching For Why
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PeopleTopians are the Living Emotions inside all human beings.
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Common feelings and emotional triggers that control everything you think and do regardless of any other circumstances.
From the primitive peoples to modern mankind PeopleTopians, from the life-giving earth, are the elemental psychological biological internal switches that are the absolute master of your life. You may have problems to solve, people to help, friends, children or business associates that are also searching for why? You need to become a PeopleTopian - before the Strangers take over.
Solve Legal Issues - Financial Problems - Dating and Mating Issues
These emotional triggers are so absolute at times they become visible. You cannot see PeopleTopians but you can see many results of their actions. Your feelings or emotions are the evolutionary triggers that live inside all human beings. Mother nature does not discriminate. You have all the PeopleTopians inside you that your parents carried around, and their parents before them. PeopleTopians control you. PeopleTopians are the primitive attitudes, behaviors, emotions and feeling that are inseparable from any human being. Our own PeopleTopians became part of us over millions of years of evolutionary biology. Around 500,000 years ago science has revealed that they (PeopleTopians) have been implanted or at least started the process of being implanted within our blank mind slate.
Stop Shoplifting - Teen Depression - Violence - Poor Grades
Most people never realize this most important fact. Millions of years of biological evolution has been the GOD of you and every other human before you. It’s not a statement of creation or nature it’s simply just a proven fact. Biology, Geology, Evolution, Chemistry made you and Gregory Bodenhamer within his work of PeopleNology - PeopleTopia - PeopleTopians through Psychology, Philosophy and Sociology has unlocked many of the secrets held inside human beings.
Issues Grief - Running Away - Self Injury - Sexual Abuse - Suicide
Another important fact is that a human being - like the ones walking around today - have not been on earth that long, considering the time earth has been around.
You, your parents, children, supervisor, teachers, pastor, gas station attendant has been molded through the absolute force of CULTURAL DISCIPLINE and EDUCATION.
When Strangers Take Over - Asking Smarter Prettier - Searching for Why
After the last ice age - Homo Sapiens - Me and You - seemed to survive the battle of climate change, finding good food, defeating the cold, killer animals and other events. Millions of years of biological evolution did not disappear because we decided to raise our food on farms, build shelters etc.
We have become CIVILIZED by culture or at least we have attempted to become civilized.
Why Love Anger Frustration - Without Fathers - So Many Secrets
Culture building, a tiny little scratch compared to biological evolution has only been around a bit over 10,000 years. Our biological foundation has been around millions of years, living inside other species of so-called human beings that came before us.
Those BIOLOGICAL, GEOLOGICAL, EVOLUTIONARY, CHEMICAL, ASTRONOMICAL, ECOLOGICAL beginnings are all very much alive and well inside every human being. These developmental forces have been proven, over and over again. Progression of our CIVILIZATION is causing human beings a great deal of stress, nervousness, anxiety. constant worry, fear and at times trauma.
How Support - Relationships - Positive Limits - Difficult Subject
Your Biological self is being held down by culture building. The real you is being conquered by rules, regulations, schedules, work, financial commitments and other real life events.
Culture building, experiences, education and emotional controls do not supersede or reverse the Biological you or the PEOPLETOPIANS that you contain. Mother nature wins the day, moment and second of your every thought, effort or action. Society tries to control you. Mother nature wins. Your supervisor tries to control you. Mother nature wins. Culture tries the same thing, mother nature wins.
Control Raising - Dependent - Smart - Strong - Confident - Girls - Boys
You have been taught - culture learning - civilized - to be kind to other people. If you’re stuck on an island with that other person, without any food except one slice of bread, you’ll kill the other person.
People - civilized - find this shocking. Mother Nature - Evolutionary Earth Laws - Primitive Behaviors - Evolutionary Mind Triggers known as PeopleTopians are unconditional.
Mother nature doesn’t care if you know how to read. Civilization wants you to learn how to read. In fact the ability of communication through language is most likely the biggest reason we’re all still alive. Language is the way that we still know how to start, stop and control fire.
What Guide - Fostering - Action Plans - Teen Tips - Survival - Adolescent
Homo Erectus - The human being type before us, learned how to make fire 500,000 years ago. Making a fire is not found within our genes or D.N.A. makeup. Finding food, water and shelter is within our gene pool. It took language to keep the flame burning. One human told another human and so on.
PeopleTopians are the medicine bundles that the creator or nature has allowed to flow through our mind, body and spirits to correct, change, modify, alter, stop or stop our efforts, activities and results.
PeopleTopians don’t make you drop out of school. They don’t make you get married and have children. PeopleTopians keep you safe. Cause you to fear things. Cause you to feel things. Cause you to make and break habits. PeopleTopians don’t care if you went to Harvard or didn’t finish high school.
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The wisdom found within PeopleNology PeopleTopia and the PeopleTopian principles took over 29 years to research, define, provide evidence and establish their meanings.
The ACTION and PASSION you have inside has been determined by PeopleTopians as revealed by Gregory Bodenhamer Nollijy University Research Institute and has been taught for many years.
Young people, teenagers, adolescents and even adults need to get their life back in control. Parents want control over their children and it seems to be a constant fight. Remove the fighting and insert some proven knowledge and watch your life change in a matter of days.
Psychotherapy - Almost Grown Up - Raising Real People - Responsible Freedom
Maturity - Guiding - Fostering - Action - Tips - Survival - Chemically Dependent
We have many problems within CIVILIZATION that can be corrected by learning PeopleTopians and applying techniques at home, within school and even at work. Teenagers going through a divorce, suffering from grief, wanting to run away from home can all be dealt with, understood by learning and using PeopleTopian knowledge and techniques.
Self injury, sexual abuse, shoplifting, teen depression and even suicide and violence has support from our evolutionary past. Our little humans - children - have the exact same emotions (peopletopian drivers) that little humans have around the world. They struggle to be drug free, bend with peer pressure, thrash about their own body image, fight back feelings of low self-esteem, stupidity and some even have to suffer the pain of rehab.
The parents - larger humans - they too have their conflicts and disputes like home management. How to pay the bills, legal issues, who gets the kids this week, financial management, dating other human beings, adult education, career and other real life pressures.
Learning about PEOPLETOPIANS will change the free-for-all to favorable outcomes, smiles, understanding, loving and caring. The social sciences of Psychology, Philosophy, Sociology have all been rolled up into PeopleNology with Anthropology, Art, Astrology, Geology, Meteorology, Biology, Oceanography, Chemistry, Science, History, Physics, Ecology and may other disciplines to discover PeopleTopians that can be used to change behaviors, encourage better families and relationships.
People want to restore order at home, with their spouse. You can quickly learn PeopleTopians and use this fantastic knowledge for fostering better children, making action plans to correct poor behaviors, understand all the things running through a teens mind, write your own survival guide so you can break though to family, friends and associates for the first time.
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Fortune 100 Consultant Searching for Why
Gregory Bodenhamer
Searching For Why
PeopleNology PeopleTopia PeopleTopian® ™ ©
All Rights Reserved Protected Intellectual Copy Rights 2008
PeopleTopians are the Living Emotions inside all human beings.
Your Going To Become A PeopleTopian Today
People.Topia@hotmail.com
Tao Te Ching
by Lao-tzu
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(Sacred Books of the East, Vol 39) [1891]
81 Verses Tao Te Ching English Version Gregory Bodenhamer PeopleNology
Nollijy University Mechanicsburg Pa 17055
Tao Te Ching